Аннотация:This study determined the contribution of Martian topography and the density jump
at the Mohorovicic discontinuity (M) to the gravity in a quadratic approximation. It also
resolved the problem of determining the possible depths of compensation for topography
harmonics of various degrees and orders. It shows that all the topography compensation
is within the depth range from 0 to 1400 km. Different topographic irregularities are
most likely to be compensated at depths that correspond to the upper crust ( d = (4.5+-
3.7) km), crust–mantle transition layer ( d = (78 +- 24) km), lithospheric boundary
( d = (200 +- 34) km), upper-middle mantle transition layer ( d = (400 +- 70) km), or
middle-lower mantle transition layer ( d = (1120 +- 180) km). This paper presents the
lateral distributions of compensation masses for these depths and the respective maps.
According to calculations, stresses in the Martian crust and mantle may be as high as
108 Pa. This paper shows that the topographic anomalies of the Tharsis volcanic plateau
and the symmetric formation in the eastern hemisphere could have originated and be
dynamically maintained by two plumes of melted mantle substance enriched with fluids;
these plumes may have their origin at the boundary of the lower mantle.