Arctic marine fungi: from filaments and flagella to operation taxonomic units and beyondстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 6 сентября 2017 г.
Аннотация:Fungi have evolved mechanisms to function in the extremely harsh conditions of the Arctic
Ocean and its adjacent seas. Despite the enormous ecological and industrial potential of these
fungi and the unique species discovered in the cold seas, arctic marine fungi remain poorly
studied, with only 33 publications available to date. In this review, we present a list of 210
filamentous arctic marine fungi, including 9 new records for the Arctic. Independent
molecular studies, applying Sanger and HTS, have detected hundreds of fungal OTUs in
single substrates, with no evidence for decreased richness of marine fungi towards northern
latitudes. The dominant fungal phyla may be substrate-specific, as sea-ice and seawater seem
to host more Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota than Ascomycota-dominated driftwood and
sediments. Molecular studies have revealed the presence of the Chytridiomycota and
Leotiomycetes in arctic waters, with mounting evidence suggesting significant role in nutrient
and carbon cycling. The high detection frequency of Leotiomycetes is partly due to marine
Cadophora (Helotiales) OTUs that are indistinct from terrestrial strains. Knowledge on arctic
marine fungi has rapidly increased the recent years. Nevertheless, some bottlenecks, such as
limited OTU identification, persist and more researchers are encouraged to join the study on
arctic marine fungi.