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Glaciers, Icebergs and Ground Iceстатья
- Авторы: Vasil'chuk Yu K., Vasil'chuk A.C.
- Сборник: Types and Properties of Water, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)
- Том: 1
- Глава в коллективной монографии
- Год издания: 2004
- Место издания: Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers Paris
- Первая страница: 139
- Последняя страница: 170
- Аннотация: Ice is the most abundant solid substance on Earth. It can exist in a great range of temperatures and pressures. The total ice mass contained in glaciers, icebergs, ground ice, snow cover and the atmosphere is 2423 х 1022 tons. As a consequence of climate, more than 96.6% of ice area and 90% of ice volume is concentrated in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Outside the ice sheet area there are several isolated ice domes. Large slabs of floating ice, called ice shelves surround much of the Antarctic continent. The ice shelf is considered in relation to the ice sheet that feeds it. There are several types of icebergs: tabular, domelike, pyramidal and destroyed. There are 28 types of fresh ice, which can be divided into three groups: congelation ice (all ice of fresh water reservoirs and streams), ground ice (sedimentation ice) and metamorphic (glacier) ice. Floating ice can be distinguished by its origins into marine, river, lake and land varieties, as well as by dynamics (immobile or fast ice and mobile, also called drift or pack ice). Ground ice is a general term use to refer to all types of ice formed in freezing and frozen ground. Sediments that contain excess ice are often referred as "ice rich" or "icy" sediments. Various types of buried ice (glacier ice, sea, lake or river ice) fall under this classification, which results in ten mutually exclusive ground ice forms. The terms massive ice or massive ice bodies are usually reserved for relatively pure ground ice where the ice content averages at least 250% for a thickness of several meters. Segregated ice is a broad term for soil with a high ice content. Major developments in the field of glaciology have been due to the wealth of information obtained from analyses of cores from polar ice sheets.
- Добавил в систему: Васильчук Алла Константиновна
Прикрепленные файлы
| № | Имя | Описание | Имя файла | Размер | Добавлен |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Vasilchuk_2004_GLACIERS_ICEBERGS_AND_GROUND_ICE.pdf | Vasilchuk_2004_GLACIERS_ICEBERGS_AND_GROUND_ICE.pdf | 589,2 КБ | 6 ноября 2016 [AllaVasilchuk] | |
| 2. | Vasilchuk_2004_GLACIERS_ICEBERGS_AND_GROUND_ICE_uaWuLBH.pdf | Vasilchuk_2004_GLACIERS_ICEBERGS_AND_GROUND_ICE_uaWuLBH.pdf | 883,2 КБ | 6 ноября 2016 [AllaVasilchuk] |