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От онтогенеза к эволюции: систематика в ожидании смены парадигмыстатья
- Автор: Мартынов А.В.
- Сборник: Эволюция и систематика: Ламарк и Дарвин в современных исследованиях
- Год издания: 2009
- Место издания: KMK Scientific Press Москва
- Первая страница: 145
- Последняя страница: 229
- Аннотация: General problems of relation between ontogeny and evolution are analysed from standpoint of the systematic zoology. Short history of this field, from Darwin and Haeckel to Severtsov and modern Evolutionary development biology (“Evo-Devo”) is presented. A significant underestimation of the ontogenetic processes in the modern evolutionary studies, especially in the field of the phylogenetic systematics is demonstrated. Integrative approach to the understanding of the organisms’ evolutionary history exemplified by a large nudibranch molluscs group – dorids (Doridacea, = Anthobranchia) and echinoderms class Ophiuroidea is suggested. The approach includes a new model of the dorid morphological evolution based on both adult and ontogenetic (postlarval) feautures. Suggested new model based on the model of the ancestral for all Doridacea ontogenetic cycle and opened for further broad testing in frames of morphological, ontogenetic, taxonomical and phylogentic studies. The model implies further modifications of the primary dorid ontogeny and highlights importance of the characters reduction in course of the evolution, largely omitted in the recent phylogenetic studies. The important difference of the present model from traditional cladistic phylogenies is it prognostic ability. For instance, most recent remarkable discovery (Martynov et al., 2009) of the “missing link” between cryptobranch and phanerobranch dorids, Onchimira cavifera from NW Pacific (Kamchatka) is well fit to the earlier proposed evolutionary trend within Doridacea for gill cavity reduction (Martynov, 1994a, b). The potential possibility to discover further transitional taxa combining presence of the gill cavity (cryptobranch dorids major feature) with characters of various phanerobranch groups (lacking gill cavity) is another important prognostic implication of the present model. Present work also addresses special attention to the cases of the independent appearing of externally very similar groups underlying by similar heterochronic processes acted in different but related organisms (e.g. dorids) phylogenetic lines. Importance of the heterochrony and potential serious flaws caused by it underestimation in taxonomy and phylogenetic inferences are highlighted. A remarkable example of similar heterochronic processes have ran parallelly in two distantly related ophiuroids families (Ophiuridae and Ophiolepididae) and led to appearing externally very similar, strongly juvenilized, paedomorphic (both externally and internally) taxa is demonstrated in details. Unwarranted refusal by modern phylogenetic taxonomy of the morphological evolutionary models and ontogenetic data is thus one of the main implications of the present work. Their restoration and full consideration in phylogenetic studies but based on a new, more strict base is suggested as a major feature of the further development of zoology as a science. The practice of the modern phylogenetic taxonomy borrowed characters from traditional systematics and performed then their reanalysis based on statistical methods is considered as deeply contradictory. Despite on unprecedented modern technological advances in understanding of the evolution, systematics, ontogenetic and phylogenetic studies are still develop considrebaly separately from each other. Their further synthesis (“re-synthesis”) including on the base of suggested in the present work conception of ontogenetic systematic will be an important element of future unifying molecular and morphological theory of the organisms’ form changing.
- Добавил в систему: Мартынов Александр Владимирович