Аннотация:The history of many types of human activity consists not only of real facts and events, but also of mythical representations, tales relating traditional, idealized and sometimes false imaginary facts, concerning a fact, a man, an idea, related to this. social activity. Translation is one of the oldest social activities is no exception. Mythical representations acquire the meaning of beautiful symbols of translation; myths are also created in modern society, when true knowledge of the subject of observation for one reason or another is not easily accessible.The article offers a personal interpretation of the myth of Babel, symbol of translation, and also the analysis of certain facts of the recent history of translation studies, which has developed under the conditions of two social regimes during the last decades. of the existence of the Soviet regime and the first decades of modern Russia.The article defends the view that translation studies in Soviet and modern Russia are entirely focused on the tasks of translation didactics, and speeches on translation are primarily addressed to translation teachers, traduction ; des mythes sont également créés dans la société moderne, lorsque la véritable connaissance while highlighting the main problems of modern translation teaching and describing possible ways of solving them.