Аннотация:Проведены минералогические исследования богатых железных руд Курской магнитной аномалии. В богатых железных рудах выделены мельчайшие минеральные представители - тонкодисперсный гематит и бертьерин. Ранее называемый предыдущими исследователями-геологами гидрогематит по результатам исследований определен, как тонкодисперсный обычный гематит. Он характеризуется размерами100-500 нм, минимально зафиксированные размер кристалла 85 нм. Бертьерин является слоистым алюмосиликатом серпентиновой группы. Этот минерал имеет «хлопьевидные» и «стружкоподобные»образования с отдельными кристаллами размером до 120 нм.
Mineralogical studies of rich-iron ores of the Kursk magnetic anomaly are conducted. Analytical methods include: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microprobe study of thin and x-ray mineralogical analytics. In the rich-iron ores fine-grained minerals are determined - fine-grained hematite and berthierine. Earlier usually fine- grained hematite was called hydrohematite. Fine-grained hematite crystals have the size of 100-500 nm, the minimum size of crystals - 85 nm. Fine-grained hematite has three generation. Firstly, his formed in the voids leaching of quartz- bright red hematite rock. Secondary, his formed by silicates; it is formed may be in chloritic schists. Thirdly, his coreis formed by cracks, and found at all depths, a small capacity (up to 1 cm) - as joints; observed bands of hematite with schistose texture - spots or thin strands. Berthierine - a layered alumosilicate of serpentine group. In early studies, when the instrument had not high resolutions, all forms of berthierine called chamosites. Modern analytical methods make it possible to determine exactly the composition of rich-iron ores. It turns out that berthierine has a major role among the silicates in the rich-iron ores. Berthierine has two generations. Firstly, interlayers hematite (up to 10 mm) saturated with impregnated berthierine. Secondary, strong cemented iron-ores by carbonate minerals are composed of berthierine. Berthierine crystal is shaped as flakes or shavings, individual crystals of up to 120 nm. Thus, fine-grained hematite and berthierine are the smallest minerals of rich-iron ores.