On the number of solutions to the equation (x_1 + ⋯ + x_n)² = ax_1 ⋯ x_n in a finite fieldстатья
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Аннотация:Let N_q be the number of solutions to the equation
(x_1 + ⋯ + x_n)² = ax_1 ⋯ x_n
over the finite field F_q = F_{p^s}. L. Carlitz found formulas for N_q when n = 3 or 4. In an earlier paper, we found formulas for N_q when d = gcd(n - 2, q - 1) = 1 or 2 or 3 or 4; and when there exists an ℓ such that
p^ℓ ≡ -1 (mod d). In our other paper, the cases d = 7 or 14, p ≡ 2 or 4 (mod 7) were considered. Recently, we obtained formulas for N_q when d = 8. In this paper, we find formulas for N_q when d = 2^t, t ≥ 4,
p ≡ 3 or 5 (mod 8) or p ≡ 9 (mod 16).