Аннотация:As one of the fastest-growing fields in the life sciences, biomedical
photonics connects research in physics, optics, and
electrical engineering coupled with medical or biological
applications, allowing structural and functional analysis of tissues
and cells with resolution and contrast unattainable by any
other method. The major challenges of many biophotonics techniques
are associated with the need to enhance imaging resolution
even further to the subcellular level as well as translate
them for in vivo studies. In the last few decades, huge advances
have been made in optical methods and optical molecular
probes, paving the way towards real molecular imaging within
cells, as well as deep-tissue imaging. However, the inherent
opacity of most biological tissues, which contain various cellular
and extracellular structures with different refractive indices
as well as kinds of pigments, limits the penetration of light and
causes blurring of the images. Both the imaging resolution and
contrast decrease as light propagates deeper into the tissue and
travels through different components. To perform deeper tissue
imaging, great efforts have been made in terms of innovation
in advanced optical imaging techniques and development
in optical molecular. Alternatively, reducing the scattering and
absorption of tissues probes can also significantly enhance the
optical imaging of deep tissue. For example, Richard White
and co-authors used careful breeding techniques to create a
transparent adult zebrafish in 2008, which has been applied to
the study of cancer pathology and development in real time,
but this technique is unsuitable for studies in humans or other
animals