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Environmental technologies in Russia for collaboration with the United Kingdomстатья
- Автор: Некрич А.С.
- Сборник: III Всероссийская (с международным участием) науч.-практ. конф. молодых ученых "Геоэкология и рациональное природопользование: от науки к практике"
- Год издания: 2009
- Место издания: ИПЦ "Политерра" Белгород
- Первая страница: 40
- Последняя страница: 42
- Аннотация: On the base between the United Kingdom and Russia in the area of science and innovation occurs initial links of potential collaboration. These links are based on work undertaken by AEA for the British Embassy in Moscow and discussed with experts both in the United Kingdom and Russia. One of the experts was Ph.D. A.B. Shmakin (head of – Climatology department in the Institute of Geography RAS, Environment National Contact Point in Russia). This article reviews areas where Russia has strengths in environmental science and innovation. In discussion with the Environmental Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) in the UK the following broad areas have been identified where both Russia and UK have strengths. First of all, some key organisations in Russia should be mentioned as are leading in environmental science and innovation. The main scientific organizations in Russia in the area of environment could be co-operated into four groups. The first group is dealing with Russian Academy of sciences (Institute of Geography, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Institute of Water Problems, Institute of Oceanology, Geoecology Institute, etc.). It would be significant to insert Institute of Geography Russian Academy of sciences as a top-ranked institute. Next group is connected with applied science centers (Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, namely: Main Geophysical observatory, State Hydrological institute, State Oceanography institute, Arctic and Antarctic Research institute, Hydrometcentre of Russia, etc.). The third group is linked with educational institutions (Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, State Hydrometeorological University, Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk), South Federal University (Rostov-on-Don), Novosibirsk State University, Tomsk State University, Irkutsk State University, Belgorod State University, etc.). The fourth group is the environmentally-oriented private research companies like: Russian innovative fuel-energy complex, Industrial safety consulting group, Industrial company Eco-field, etc. The major areas for United Kingdom and Russia co-operation in the area of science and innovation are: environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring equipment and pollution control. Within these areas, a number of topics have been suggested by the Environmental KTN that could be suitable for initial collaboration: nano-filters for purifying water, gas analysers, lidar systems, bag house filters, fabric cassette filters, etc. [1]. In Russia environmental monitoring carried out by special agencies which collection and processing information about air, water, land, biodiversity condition by means of Land system and Space system of monitoring. The agencies provide hydrometeorological and geophysical information about environmental conditions. For example, processing of the information is carry out by World meteorological centre in Moscow (Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring), Novosibirsk regional meteorological centre, Khabarovsk regional meteorological centre, and other specialized centres. In addition to it, the Land system of collection of the information is a part of this Federal Service. The Space system of collection of the information includes the following equipment: meteorological satellites providing heliogeophysical observation, observation of the global distribution of ozone layer, and also net radiation of the Earth, digital multi-range images of the natural objects, operative information about the ice cover of the Earth, images of clouds and to determine speed and direction of wind and temperature of the ocean surface. Russian agencies carry out monitoring of the environment in the zone of man-caused influence, reveal general and local regularities of environmental components pollution, gives estimation and forecast of state of these components for the working out of nature-preservation measures. The objects of monitoring are production activities, industrial waste and domestic waste disposals and other man-caused dangerous territories. The scales of agencies’ activities carring out environmental monitoring equipment and pollution control includes design, production of modern water cleaning equipment with the system of nano-filters, aerobic biological treatment systems, plants for collection of oil products from ponds surfaces and air cleaning equipment (gas analysers, fabric bag filters, bag house filters, fabric cassette filters and lidar systems). The sphere of use of the water cleaning equipment is turnover cycles of industrial enterprises and self-contained water pools. Practically, it is possible to use the equipment on any water surface polluted by oil products as the result of systematic or accidental throws. Lately, water-cleaning equipment with nano-filters is installed in social establishments in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tomsk, etc. Russian enterprises are involved in developing aerobic biological treatment systems for discontinuous treatment of bio-degradable material by activated sludge and other. One of the main goals of the Russian enterprises is to improve the situation, concerning atmosphere pollution caused by dust and gas wastes. Therefore the questions concerning of air cleaning equipment are urgent. System of environmental control at the enterprises according to the ISO-14 000 standards is carried out by means of gas analysers. Its allow to implement an industrial emissions control, technological processes control. Gas analysers are innovated at the chemical enterprises, heat-and-power engineering industries, metallurgy industry, etc. The most efficient dust catching filters are the bag house filters. They are intended for cleaning technological gases with cleaning degree 99% and higher. Also they are widely used in chemical, cellulose and paper, oil producing, ferrous and non-ferrous metal industries, building materials industry, food, textile industries, etc. The filters are compact as compared with bag-house filters are the fabric cassette filters. This is a general industrial dust-catching apparatus with productivity up to 10 000 m3/h. It serves for cleaning aspirated air from fine-dispersed dust, which is toxic, fire and explosion. On of the major implication for real-time forecast of climatic changes and ecological problems-solving is the lidar systems. The systems provide valid data about existential changes of atmospheric components and develop the Global Networks: WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) system, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), Micro-pulse lidar Network MPL-Net, EARLINET, AD-Net, REALM, AliNe, MPL-Net, CIS-LiNet. Thus, the areas where collaboration between the UK and Russia may be beneficial and some aspects of these fields are covering these priority areas. For each technology area, a description is given of key programmes in the Report to Foreign and Commonwealth Office British Embassy in Moscow. This is complemented by a brief note of some needs and gaps identified by KTNs in the UK and discussion of some potential areas and specific topics where enhanced collaboration may be possible.
- Добавил в систему: Некрич Алина Сергеевна
Прикрепленные файлы
| № | Имя | Описание | Имя файла | Размер | Добавлен |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Полный текст | Belnogrod_UK_2009_JOlUDwe.pdf | 3,1 МБ | 26 сентября 2020 [NekrichAS] | |
| 2. | Belnogrod_UK_2009.pdf | Belnogrod_UK_2009.pdf | 3,1 МБ | 12 марта 2017 [NekrichAS] |