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Arctic Cities-Pioneers of Industrialization: More than “Mining Towns”статья
- Автор: Zamyatina Nadezhda
- Сборник: Matthias Finger and Gunnar Rekvig (eds.) Global Arctic An Introduction to the Multifaceted Dynamics of the Arctic
- Глава в коллективной монографии
- Год издания: 2022
- Издательство: Springer Nature
- Местоположение издательства: Switzerland
- Первая страница: 41
- Последняя страница: 62
- DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81253-9
- Аннотация: At the end of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, a powerful wave of industrialization took place throughout the world’s Arctic. The population increased several times over, dozens of new cities sprung up in different Arctic regions of the world, and previously roadless areas were connected by railways. This wave of industrial development of the Arctic was a natural – and, as it happened, final – stage of a powerful “rush” for resources, which previously gave rise to industrialization in the resource basins from the Ruhr to the Urals and Appalachia (“the Golden Age of Resource-Based Development”, which was caused by the transition to the “fossil-fueled civilization” (Barbier, 2011, p. 372)). However, something changed around the 1960s. On one hand, active exploration and development of new resources continued, the Arctic shelf was involved in the development, and the importance of raw material extraction remained high for the Arctic economy (see also: Pilyasov, 2019). On the other hand, the construction of new cities with new deposits stopped, with most of the Arctic regions switching to the shift method since the 1960–1980s, and in the North of Russia after the collapse of the USSR, in the 1990s. Of course, the change in the methods of development and the interest in new cities was a logical consequence of the development of technology and increased transport permeability of space, the development of aviation, etc., as well as of the size of new deposits. However, this raises an urgent question: is the era of Arctic industrial cities really gone? Are they the product of imperfect technologies that required a long-term mining towns for the development of deposits? Can these cities f ind their place in the modern conditions of shift mining, or are they destined to repeat the fate of “ghost towns”?
- Добавил в систему: Замятина Надежда Юрьевна