Аннотация:The change in the diameter of small arteries and arterioles is a key mechanism for regulating the resistance of the vascular bed and blood pressure and blood flow in organs and tissues. The tone of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) depends on the level of membrane potential (MP), which, in turn, is determined by the balance of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents. The main hyperpolarizing current of SMC is the outward potassium current. Activation and opening of potassium channels counteract depolarization and inhibit calcium entry into the cell and contraction. Thus, potassium channels play an anticonstrictor role in the arteries. TASK-1 channels, members of the two-pore domain potassium channel family (K2P), have relatively recently been described in the vasculature. It is known that TASK-1 channels mediate outward potassium leakage current in arterial SMC. In addition, TASK-1 channels are regulated by a number of stimuli: their activity augments with an increase of extracellular pH, decreases in hypoxia, and can also change under the influence of inhalation/local anesthetics and vasoactive substances. TASK-1 channels play an important role in the regulation of arterial tone in pulmonary circulation; their dysfunction is one of the causes of arterial pulmonary hypertension development. In systemic arteries of adult animals, the influence of TASK-1 channels under normal pH is small or absent, but it can manifest itself under conditions of extracellular alkalosis. In addition, the anticontractile role of TASK-1 channels is more pronounced at the early stages of postnatal development. This review outlines the current understanding of the functional role and regulation of TASK-1 channels in the vascular system.