Cell proliferation and apoptosis as mechanisms maintaining tissue homeostasis in sponges

Melnikov, N.P.; Lavrov, A.I.; Saidova, A.A.

Авторы: Melnikov N.P., Lavrov A.I., Saidova A.A.
Сборник: 11th World Sponge Conference. Book of abstracts
Тезисы
Год издания: 2022
Место издания: Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden, the Netherlands
Первая страница: 232
Последняя страница: 232
Аннотация: Sponges are well-known for their remarkably dynamic tissues. Under the steady-state condition tissue dynamics is manifested in the form of cell turnover, a constant replacement of apoptotic cells through the proliferation of stem cells. The aim of this study is the analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis maintaining tissue homeostasis in two species of White Sea sponges, Halisarca dujardinii (Demospongiae) and Leucosolenia variabilis (Calcarea). The rate of proliferation was assessed using labeled nucleotides EdU and antibodies against phosphorylated histone 3. The major art of proliferating cells in both species are choanocytes. Choanoderm seems to contain a large population of slowly cycling cells. Proliferating cells outside the choanoderm are scarce and represented by archaeocytes in H. dujardinii and porocytes, exopinacocytes and amoebocytes in L. variabilis. Using pulse-chase EdU labelling technique, we discovered that extensive proliferation of choanocytes in H. dujardinii gives rise to various types of mesohyl cells – e.g., granular cells and lophocytes – through the transient stage of archaeocyte-like cells. L. variabilis, however, does not display active cell exchange between the choanoderm and mesohyl/pinacoderm. We consider the choanoderm as a sort of “tissue niche” maintaining the proliferation of stationary stem cells, choanocytes. Choanocytes may give rise to different cell types through the migration from the choanoderm; in case of active migration – as occurs in H. dujardinii – these cells form the population of transient mesohyl stem cells. Apoptotic cells were visualized by the CellEvent Caspase3/7 Reagent and TUNEL staining. The general level of apoptosis in intact tissues of sponges is low, although being significantly increased in specific body areas. Analysis of transcriptomes reveals that sponges possess reduced set of apoptotic proteins; remaining proteins, however, are still able to maintain the apoptosis. Intriguingly, sponges seem to lack conventional effector caspases, caspase-dependent nucleases and BH3-only proteins.This study was supported by the Fund of President of the Russian Federation grant no. MK-1096-2021-14.
Добавил в систему: Лавров Андрей Игоревич

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