Аннотация:On the basis of the performed calculations of the Earth's insolation according to the astronomical ephemeris DE-441 for 12 thousand years into the past, changes in the summerexposure of the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed. In the considered time interval, two extrema of summer insolation are observed in the Northern Hemisphere. The maximum summerexposure is observed about 11.5 thousand years ago, the minimum falls on the period of1500–1600 years. The range of change in summer insolation is 22.41 W/m2, and the durationof the decline branch is about 10,000 years. The noted extrema are synchronized with theglobal climatic events of the Holocene. The summer insolation maximum corresponds to thebeginning of the phase of intense degradation of the last ice sheet in Europe and North America. The minimum of summer exposure occurs at the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The previous minimum of summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere was observed approximately 21.5 thousand years ago, which is synchronized with the maximum of the last glaciation inEurope and North America.
