Cognitive control of saccade violations in patients at ultra-high risk of schizophreniaстатьяТезисы
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 21 августа 2017 г.
Аннотация: Saccadic eye movements as a component of visual perception and attention are appropriate model for cognitive control study of the motor behavior, including the processes of perception, attention, decision-making and inhibition. In order to study the brain mechanisms of cognitive control we have used the “Go/No go” saccade paradigm in healthy subject and patients of ultra-high risk group (UHR). 15 patients and 15 healthy subjects (all right-handed men) participated in the study. Eye movements were recorded with EOG. Patients also underwent MRI at 3T Phillips Achieva (holland). The latencies of the correct saccade to “Go” stimulus were decreased in patients as compared to healthy subjects (p <0.001). The findings reflect attenuation of “sensory gating,” acceleration of sensory processing and reduction of the “top-down” attention processes. Of note, the latter was similar to those abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. The erroneous saccades (to “No go” stimulus) were more frequent in patients (p <0.001).This is probably due to attenuation of inhibition control as a result of the right frontal cortex dysfunction. It is also in parallel to the findings in schizophrenia. In norm, the latencies of the rightward saccades to “Go” stimulus were less pronounced than those of leftward saccadeds. In UHR patients the opposite relationship was found (p <0.05). The differences of the saccades latency, depending on the signal value and its spatial location in patients and healthy subject can reflect the spatial attention disturbance in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia. The reduction of saccade latency in UHR was correlated with increase of gray matter volume in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortex, which may reflect the brain compensatory mechanisms prior to schizophrenia manifestation. The applying of diffusion-weighted imaging revealed a decline of the fractional anisotropy in the right temporal part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in patients. The abnormality of the brain tract may be associated with the found neurophysiologic differences laying in base of the cognitive control disturbances in UHR patients. The study was supported by the RFBR (projects 14-04-01634 and 16-04-01079).