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Аннотация:Based on the concept of unrecoverable energy losses in small-scale dissipative structures, the upper limit of the heat pump efficiency has been estimated. This limiting efficiency is achieved in the absence of energy losses due to heat exchange with the heat carrier but when nonequilibrium nonisothermal vapor transfer is taken into account. The limiting efficiency is smaller than the thermodynamically equilibrium efficiency and serves a better reference point in the search for optimal process layout. ┬й 2007 Allerton Press, Inc.