Аннотация:The features of the organization and advantages of special economic zones necessary to attract mobile industrial capital of entrepreneurs from different countries in certain areas are considered. The problems hindering the wide development of special economic zones (SEZ) for the Russian economy, with the allocation of economic, administrative, regulatory component are revealed. The expediency of development of the system of division of risks of the current activity between residents of SEZ, their managing companies, regional and Federal authorities is shown. It is necessary to develop both incentive measures for resident enterprises and a mechanism for monitoring their functioning in the SEZ, which provides for the regulation of the profile of their residents ‘ activities, assessment of their impact on the level of competition in the market, elimination of cases of oppression and closure of competing domestic enterprises, dependence of the Russian industry on transnational companies.