Influence of structural disorder on plasmonic metasurfaces and their colors—a coupled point dipole approach: tutorialстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 26 июня 2024 г.
Аннотация:The optical properties of plasmonic metasurfaces are determined not only by the shape and size of the constitutingnanostructures, but also by their spatial arrangement. The fast progress in nanofabrication has facilitated the emergence of many advanced metasurface designs that enable controlling the propagation of light on the nanoscale.While simple metasurface designs can be derived from theoretical considerations, it is inevitable to employ computational approaches for complex manipulations of incident light. However, most of the currently availablefull-wave simulation approaches such as the finite element method (FEM) or finite difference time domain methodcome with drawbacks that limit the applicability to certain usually simplified or less complex geometries. Withinthis tutorial, different approaches are outlined for modeling light propagation in complex metasurfaces. We focuson an approach that approximates the nanostructure ensemble as a coupled set of point dipoles and determine theirfar-field response via the reciprocity theorem. This coupled point dipole approximation (CPDA) model is used toexamine randomly distributed, oriented, and scaled nanostructure ensembles. A disorder formalism to introducethe randomness is developed that allows one to progressively perturb periodic arrangements of identical nanostructures and thereby investigate the effects of disorder and correlation. Several disorder metrics are provided thatallow one to quantify the disorder, and the relation with the far-field scattering properties is discussed. Spatiallyand angle resolved hyperspectral datasets are computed for various disordered metasurfaces to assess the capabilities of the CPDA model for different polarization states and incidence angles, among others. The hyperspectraldatasets are converted into sRGB color space to deduce the appearances in the image and FOURIER planes. Verygood agreement of the simulation results with MIE theory, FEM results, and experiments is observed, and possiblereasons for the present differences are discussed. The presented CPDA model establishes a highly efficient approachthat provides the possibility to rapidly compute the hyperspectral scattering characteristics of metasurfaces withmore than 10,000 structures with moderate computational resources, such as state-of-the-art desktop computerswith sufficient memory; 16 GB allow for the simulations in this paper, whereas scaling to up to more memory bythe factor of N2allows for the simulation of N times more dipoles. For that reason, the CPDA is a suitable approachfor tailoring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of metasurfaces under consideration of structuralperturbations and experimental parameters.