Аннотация:This paper examines such modern philosophical movements as transhumanism and posthumanism. The central issue of these concepts is “What is Posthuman?”. The twentieth century is marked by a contradictory understanding of the role and status of human. On the one hand, following the understanding of the onset of the new geological epoch of the Anthropocene, some rejection of the Anthropos figure comes. Such categories of agency as historicity, sociality, subjectivity are no longer so anthropocentric. On the other hand, there is a concentration of understanding of human hegemony over the whole world: humanity not only began to conquer Cosmos, invented nuclear weapons, made many amazing discoveries, but shifted the focus of its attention to itself, or rather, its “deification”. Reflection on the subject of human and his future puts into space the philosophical concepts working with human, technological, chimerical. Very often we can find a synonymous understanding of transhumanism and posthumanism...