Extracellular peptidases as possible markers of fungal ecologyстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 20 мая 2017 г.
Аннотация:Fungi produce extracellular peptidases to break down proteins and polypeptides into smaller soluble
molecules. These molecules are subsequently transported into the fungal cell, supplying osmotrophic
nutrition. Although a variety of extracellular peptidases have been isolated from numerous fungal
species, it remains largely unknown how the spectrum of secreted peptidases correlates with fungal
ecology and taxonomy. In this study, we cultivated 17 fungal species on protein-enriched medium to
compare the spectra of secreted peptidases produced by the fungi belonging to different ecological
groups (pathogens, saprotrophs, symbionts) and taxonomic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota).
Basidiomycetes predominantly produced metallopeptidases with neutral pH optima, while the species of
ascomycetes secreted serine peptidases with alkaline pH optimum, mostly of the subtilisin-type. Fungal
species with dominant activity of serine peptidases had, in general, much higher peptidase activity and
were better adapted to growth on protein medium compared to the species with dominant
metallopeptidase activity. Pathogenic fungi effectively cleaved the synthetic substrate specific for
trypsin-like peptidases, while saprotrophic species were characterized by a relatively high aminopeptidase
activity. Nevertheless, fungi have numerous genes encoding various types of peptidases, the spectra
of fungal enzymes secreted on cultivation medium were to a major extent represented by the production
of one class of peptidases that correlated with fungal taxonomic phylum. We suppose fungal strategies
for cleaving polypeptides in experimental conditions are largely predetermined both by trophic status
and phylogeny.