Mechanisms of LTR‐Retroelement Transposition: Lessons from Drosophila melanogasterстатья
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Аннотация:Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons occupy a special place among all mobile
genetic element families. The structure of LTR retrotransposons that have three open reading frames
is identical to DNA forms of retroviruses that are integrated into the host genome. Several lines of
evidence suggest that LTR retrotransposons share a common ancestry with retroviruses and thus
are highly relevant to understanding mechanisms of transposition. Drosophila melanogaster is an
exceptionally convenient model for studying the mechanisms of retrotransposon movement because
many such elements in its genome are transpositionally active. Moreover, two LTR-retrotransposons
of D. melanogaster, gypsy and ZAM, have been found to have infectious properties and have been
classified as errantiviruses. Despite numerous studies focusing on retroviral integration process, there
is still no clear understanding of integration specificity in a target site. Most LTR retrotransposons
non-specifically integrate into a target site. Site-specificity of integration at vertebrate retroviruses
is rather relative. At the same time, sequence-specific integration is the exclusive property of
errantiviruses and their derivatives with two open reading frames. The possible basis for the
errantivirus integration specificity is discussed in the present review.