Аннотация:AbstractMM. Bakhtin - whose theoretical heritage had been described and investigated in numerousliterature sources, on the materials of which multiplicity of dissertations were based,including those that have been prepared at the department that the author of this paperhappens to represent - remains, nevertheless, in theoretical and aesthetic aspects, anunderestimated character in history of Russian philosophical discourse both in the generallyphilosophical and in the special philosophically aesthetic meanings. The reason for this liesin the well-known political circumstances under which M.M. Bakhtin was to carry out hisactivity, and then in the circumstances under which appropriation of his ideas within thecountry in various scientific discourses t ook place. These circumstances determined theregime of significant limitations, albeit different in their character and volume, for possibilityfor explicitly complete exposition of the philosophical and philosophically aestheticmeanings of the theory of dialogue, the key one among M.M. Bakhtin's ideas, which is theessential ontological quality of all communications in society, and, consequently, of allcultural processes, one in the varieties of which is aesthetic existence. It was absolutelynatural to interpret the ontological nature of existence in general, social existence inparticular, and aesthetic existence in a specific discussion as a set of heterogeneousautonomous processes in the context of the theory of dialogue in its comprehensive explicitpresentation, but this could not be allowed from the standpoint of official Marxism whichdominated in Soviet ideology as the philosophical position. For the same reasons, this doctrine did not accept the ideas of A.N. Whitehead, first expressed in the same time whenM.M. Bakhtin developed the foundations of his theory of dialogue. This is the basic regularityof the “adventure of ideas”, that fruitful ones are expressed independently by differentpeople in different places, but then they must conjoin due to fundamental unity of the globalhuman intellect. The purpose of this paper is to re-think the philosophical andmethodological potential in humanities of M.M. Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue in the meaningof ontology of cultural processes in general and processes of aesthetic existence in particular.Key wordsPhilosophy of process, the process paradigm of aesthetic thinking, dialogue as a process withnecessity, diversification of cultural dispositions of the dialogue regime in socialcommunication, aesthetic existence as a process and as a dialogue, re-thought philosophicaland aesthetic value of M.M. Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue.