Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

Grigorieva, E.; Lukyanets, A.

Авторы: Grigorieva Elena, Lukyanets Artem
Журнал: Atmosphere
Том: 12
Номер: 6
Год издания: 2021
Издательство: MDPI
Местоположение издательства: Basel, Switzerland
Первая страница: 790
Последняя страница: 790
DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060790
Аннотация: Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. The air contaminants of the greatest health concern are O3, particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Respiratory outcomes are expressed in premature death, decreased lung function, aggravation of chronic respiratory dis-eases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc., emergency of new ones, and lung cancer incidence. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrin-sically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Much less is known on respiratory health responses during HW episodes in urban areas with strengthening of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of HW, air pollution and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021: both systematic and bibliometric reviews, as well as original papers. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM10 and O3 results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM2.5 and PM10, CO, NO2 and O3 concentrations are dramatically associ-ated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with COPD, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. The main heat events detected were urban areas in Eastern Europe during extremely strong HW joined by wildfires (summer 2010); in United Kingdom (2003-2013); in the USA, New England (2001-2011); in China. Excessive respiratory health risk at high temperatures was more pronounced in elderly cohorts (age ≥ 65) and women. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both UHIs and air pollution.
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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Reviewстатья Исследовательская статья

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