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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 2 сентября 2014 г.
Аннотация:Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a concept of secret key exchange supported by
fundamentals of quantum physics. Its perfect realization offers unconditional key security,
however, known practical schemes are potentially vulnerable if the quantum channel loss
exceeds a certain realization-specific bound. This discrepancy is caused by the fact that any
practical photon source has a non-zero probability of emitting two or more photons at a time,
while theory needs exactly one. We report an essentially different QKD scheme based on both
quantum physics and theory of relativity. It works flawlessly with practical photon sources at
arbitrary large channel loss. Our scheme is naturally tailored for free-space optical channels,
and may be used in ground-to-satellite communications, where losses are prohibitively large
and unpredictable for conventional QKD.