|
ИСТИНА |
Войти в систему Регистрация |
ИПМех РАН |
||
Иероглифическая надпись на статуе «анонима из Баклии» (Национальный музей Карфагена, Тунис, № 883.1) и статус сатрапа Египта Птолемея в 300-е гг. до н.эстатья
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка RSCI Web of Science
Статья опубликована в журнале из перечня ВАКСтатья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 12 января 2022 г.
- Автор: Ладынин И.А.
- Журнал: Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета Серия: История, филология
- Том: 13
- Номер: 4
- Год издания: 2014
- Издательство: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет"
- Местоположение издательства: Новосибирск
- Первая страница: 12
- Последняя страница: 18
- Аннотация: В статье рассматривается древнеегипетская автобиографическая надпись на опорном столбе статуи неизвестного вельможи, стилистически и палеографически датируемая кануном или началом эллинизма. Судя по надписи, изображенный вельможа, имя которого не сохранилось, происходил из XV нижнеегипетского нома (центр Баху, совр. Баклия). Из текста явствует, что он получил почести от некоего чужеземного правителя, посетившего в Баклии храм (вероятно, бога Тота). Ряд аргументов позволяет отвести отождествления этого вельможи с Артаксерксом III или Александром Великим и достаточно твердо установить его тождество сатрапом Египта Птолемеем (будущим Птолемеем I Сотером). Очевидно, посещение им Баклии пришлось на середину 300-х гг. до н.э., за некоторое время до провозглашения его царского статуса, причем надпись позволяет говорить о признании за ним египтянами на этот момент сакральных качеств, свойственных, в норме их представлений, легитимному царю. Подобное «отщепление» некоторых элементов царской сакральности и их перенесение на правителя, формально царского статуса еще не имеющего, кажется интересным и пока не оцененным проявлением идеологических тенденций Египта Позднего времени. Ключевые слова: Древний Египет, эллинизм, Баклия, храм, ритуал, царь, сатрап, Птолемей, автобиография. I. A. Ladynin A Hieroglyphic Inscription on the Statue of the “Anonym from Baqlia” (National Museum of Carthage, Tunis, No 883.1) and the Status of the Satrap of Egypt Ptolemy in 300s B.C. The article considers an autobiographical inscription on the dorsal pillar of statue, which, from stylistic and paleographic criteria, dates to the last decades of the 4th century B.C. The statue belonged to a nobleman, whose name was not preserved; his home region was the 15th Lower Egyptian nome (with the center at Bahu, present-day Baqlia, in the central part of the Nile Delta). According to the inscription, he was receiving a foreign ruler who visited Baqlia in its temple (probably, that of the god Thoth): the ruler contemplated there the images of gods, undertook their restoration and offered to the nobleman a precious sistrum as a sign of his priestly rank and an instrument for performing ritual. The article considers the question of this foreign ruler’s identity and status. A favorable attitude towards him expressed in the inscription as well as vesting him with certain sacral qualities of a legitimate king (among them the ability to fill humans confronting him with the terror-rtḥ) do not allow to see in him Artaxerxes III who invaded Egypt in 343 B.C. but was inacceptable in Eyptian view as Pharaoh due to his sacrileges in Egyptian temples (though this identification has once been postulated by É. Drioton). A possibility overviewed by scholars is this ruler’s identity to Alexander the Great who entered Egypt in 332-331 B.C.: however, Alexander’s route inside the country is known perfectly well from the Classical tradition and there is no evidence of his visit to Central Delta (such visit is also unlikely due to a very limited time of his stay in Egypt). The identity of this ruler to the Satrap Ptolemy, who ruled Egypt from 323 B.C. and became its king in 305/4, once suggested by P. Montet and A. Zivie, is still the most likely. It is supported with the denotation of this ruler as wr ʿȝ (“the great chieftain”) attested for Ptolemy in the Satrap Stela; besides, there is a dubious writing in column 3 of the inscription which might be transcribed and interpreted “the king (and) the great chieftain” (nsw wr ʿȝ). If this interpretation is correct this denotation might consist of the two titles of Ptolemy: as a satrap of Egypt in the time of his visit to Baqlia and as a king by the time when the statue was commissioned (quite expectedly, a more important title would be put on the first place). In this case the episode of Ptolemy’s visit to Baqlia might fall in the time between the compilation of the Satrap Stela (311 B.C.) and his royal accession: in the Satrap Stela Ptolemy was shown as a sole ruler of Egypt, without any limitations of his power; but he was not considered a legitimate Pharaoh and certain royal qualities were recognized for him quite implicitly. The inscription on the statue from Baqlia is much more explicit in stating Ptolemy’s ability to fill humans with fear and especially his right to interfere with the temple ritual, as appropriate to a legitimate king; at the same time he is still not denoted with royal title. Such “splitting” certain features off the royal sacrality and their transfer to a non-royal ruler is an interesting and still unvalued phenomenon of the Late Egyptian ideological trends. Key-words: Ancient Egypt, Hellenism, Baqlia, temple, ritual, king, satrap, Ptolemy, autobiography.
- Добавил в систему: Ладынин Иван Андреевич