Аннотация:The paper aims to identify and analyze the current and potential environmental hazards to ecosystems, habitats and livelihood of indigenous people in the Russian Arctic. It presents an assessment of the vul-nerability of this population, in terms of who and what are vulnerable, to what stresses, in what way, and what capacity exists to adapt to main risks. Regardless an increasing number of research on envi-ronmental pollution and climate change in Arctic as well as their impact on well-being of indigenous population, there are only few studies on the nature of Russian Arctic indigenous communities’ vulner-ability to environmental hazards and climate-change risks. A conceptual model of vulnerability and an analytical approach to assessing environmental hazards and coping strategies in Arctic communities were developed that integrated information from multiple sources. In this context, a term vulnerability is interpreted as a function of exposure to environmental hazards impact and the adaptive capacity to de-velop a coping strategy – among indigenous population and policy-makers.