Аннотация:In our time it has become apparent that food security of all countries and one's own existence of humanity are really related to the conservation of biological diverstity of our planet. Our life is inseparably connected with variety of living beings and, in paerticular, with different species of plants which are necessary for production of food, medicaments, for landscaping and restoration of nature areas disturbed by man. Around the world gene banks of living organisms, including the special collections of plant material, are created now as inviolable strategic reserve, which is needed for life support of future generations of people. At last time the methods of cultivation of plants in vitro together with techniques for cryogenic freezing of plant material have been improved significantly. Now, the creation of cryobanks is the most reliable way for long-term preservation of freeze resistance plant material. Furthermore, the use of liquid nitrogen for long-term preservation of unique genotypes is economically justifiable. More than 30 years scientists of Russian Academy of Science in Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology (IPP RAS) were based the experimental Plant Cryobank for long-term storage of varied plant material. Now, IPP RAS Cryobank have cryocollections of suspension cultures, strawberry apices and also seed collection of rare and endangered species of plants, including 120 species of russian and foreign orchids.