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Functional patterns of Early Iron Age hillforts on the upper Volga River according to multi-element signatures of archaeological Dark Earthстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
Информация о цитировании статьи получена из
Scopus
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 12 февраля 2025 г.
- Авторы: Bobrovsky M., Smirnov A., Khanina L., Kupriyanov D., Danilevskaya V., Potapova A., Dobrovolskaya M.
- Журнал: Catena
- Том: 249
- Год издания: 2025
- Издательство: CATENA Verlag
- Местоположение издательства: Germany
- Первая страница: 108703
- Последняя страница: 108703
- DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108703
- Аннотация: The soils of 12 hillforts found in the Upper Volga basin were classified as Archaeological Dark Earth soils (ADE), Anthrosols. Radiocarbon dating (AMS) of 25 charcoal samples from these ADE layers indicated peak human activity at the hillforts from the 3rd-2nd centuries BC to the 2nd century CE. Through X-ray fluorescence analysis, we assessed the concentration of 21 elements across 174 samples from ADE, background forest soils, and the cultural layer of one medieval settlement. Additionally, C and N contents, organic/inorganic phosphate levels, and urease activity were measured in 77 soil samples. Statistical analysis, including PCA, ANOVA, and Ward’s hierarchical clustering, revealed significant differences in elemental and chemical characteristics among the sites. In six hillforts, ADE exhibited slightly elevated concentrations of C, P, Mn, and Zn compared to the humus horizons of nearby forest soils. High levels of C, P, and S in the ADE of two other hillforts suggest substantial organic matter content likely originating from manure or fecal sources as indicated by peak urease activity. Elevated concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co in the ADE of four remaining hillforts suggest an association with ancient iron metallurgy. These compositional differences indicate diverse functional roles among hillforts, suggesting that the Early Iron Age hillforts in this region were not uniform settlement structures.
- Добавил в систему: Лавренов Никита Геннадьевич