The Geomorphological Structure and Processes in Urban Areas of Abkhazia

Razumovskiy, R.O.; Eremenko, E.A.; Bolysov, S.I.; Fuzeina, Y.N.; Bogoliubskii, V.A.; Zhuravlev, P.D.; Zhiba, R.Y.; Derkach, A.A.; Bredikhin, A.V.; Dbar, R.S.

Авторы: Razumovskiy R.O., Eremenko E.A., Bolysov S.I., Fuzeina Yu N., Bogoliubskii V.A., Zhuravlev P.D., Zhiba R.Yu, Derkach A.A., Bredikhin A.V., Dbar R.S.
Журнал: Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Том: 79
Номер: 1
Год издания: 2024
Издательство: Allerton Press Inc.
Местоположение издательства: United States
Первая страница: S79
Последняя страница: S91
DOI: 10.3103/S0145875225700085
Аннотация: Based on the results of expeditionary geomorphological studies carried out in 2021–2022 with theinvolvement of published materials, a large-scale (1 : 25000 to 1 : 100000) characterization of the relief of theurban areas of the Republic of Abkhazia (Gagra, Pitsunda, Gudauta, Noviy Afon, and Sukhum) was compiledfor the first time. In addition, previously unparalleled general geomorphological maps were compiled,the legends of which were prepared following the morphogenetic principle. According to the morphostructuralposition and geomorphological structure, the cities are divided into three groups: (1) completely in thearea of distribution of the coastal-marine relief (Pitsunda and Gudauta), (2) located mainly within the seaterraces and erosion-denudation hills (Sukhum and Gagra), and (3) completely located in the low mountainswith a predominance of strongly dissected structural-denudation, fluvial and slope relief (Noviy Afon). Afield survey revealed about 300 areas of manifestation of unfavorable and dangerous geomorphological processesin urban areas, of which 44% are in Sukhum, 26% in Gudauta, 11% in Gagra, 10% in Pitsunda, and9% in Noviy Afon. The leading places in the spectrum of geomorphological hazards belong to suffusion, erosion,and biogenic processes. The composition of other processes in the spectrum is determined by the geomorphologicalposition of cities under consideration. The widest range, including, in addition to the processesmentioned above, karst, mudflows and landslide processes (i.e., the most dangerous ones), is typicalof urban areas with a complex relief structure, an abundance of steep slopes and located within a narrow zone,separating the spurs of the Main Caucasian Range from the sea (Gagra and Noviy Afon). A qualitative assessmentof the risk of destruction of street infrastructure (roadbed, communications, etc.) by dangerous geomorphologicalprocesses has been carried out and a high degree of its dependence on the geomorphologicalposition of a particular section of the city has been established. In particular, based on the distribution patternsof recorded manifestations of unfavorable and dangerous geomorphological processes, it has been establishedthat the most favorable conditions for the construction and operation of urban infrastructure andbuildings are created generally within the leveled surfaces of the Late Pleistocene marine terraces, as well asat the upper levels of floodplain terraces in the large river valleys. Other levels of relief reflect certain disadvantagesthat make the development of the territory under consideration difficult. Thus, construction on thesurface of the Holocene marine terrace is possible only if the foundations are waterproofed and soil is dumpedin the lower areas. The development of high sea terraces and erosional-denudation and structural-denudationrelief is difficult due to the high density of erosional dissection.
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