Аннотация:To evaluate the association between the indexand ring finger’s (2D:4D) length ratio with the prevalenceand severity of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA).A population-based sample included 802 males (meanage 46.98 ± 17.10 years) and 738 females (mean age48.65 ± 16.62 years) who had participated in a Chuvashianskeletal aging study. Age, sex, basic demographics, anthropometricdata and X-rays of both hands were acquired. Eachhand was visually classified on X-ray as either type 1—indexfinger longer than the ring finger; type 2—index and ring fingerequal in length; or type 3—index finger shorter than thering finger. Hand OA was defined by the number of affectedjoints (Kellgren–Lawrence score ≥ 2) in both hands and thesum total of Kellgren–Lawrence scores (total OA score).After comparing the OA variables of individuals with differentfinger length ratio types (after adjustment for age andBMI) significant differences were found only in femalesbetween finger ratio types of the right hand in a number ofaffected joints (F = 3.153, p = 0.043) and finger ratio typesof the left (F = 3.330, p = 0.036) and right (F = 2.397,p = 0.047) hands of the total OA score. Females with type 3 ratios had the highest adjusted values of hand OA parameters.We found that finger length ratios are associated withhand OA parameters. Females with a type 3 finger lengthpattern showed significantly higher hand OA values thanthose with types 1 and 2.