Effects of acid deposition on forest ecosystems in northernmost Russia: modelled and field dataстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 18 июля 2013 г.
Аннотация:In addition to strong natural stresses forest ecosystems in the Kola Subarctic, Russia, receive high loads of sulphur and heavy metals from the nickel smelters. Long-term response of soils to acid deposition and impulse impact of snow melt were evaluated with the process-oriented dynamic SMART model. Multivariate technique is applied to investigate spatial distribution of soil field data. There is no evidence for strong soil acidification effects close to the smelter. This may be due to geological features of the studied territory and to alkaline dust deposition. Concentrations of exchangeable Ca and base saturation increase, while acidity decrease in lower soil mineral horizons towards the pollution source. However some features seem to reflect the early stages of started acidification in the study area within 30-40 km from the pollution source. The acidification front depth exceeds 0.5 m in most soil profiles there. Despite increasing of exchangeable Ca and Mg towards the smelter in lower mineral horizons due to geological inheritance, they do not reveal the same trends in the upper ones. Concentration of exchangeable K in organic horizons decreases towards the pollution source, thus confirming the ongoing acidification. As result, exchangeable base cations are depleted in the considerable part of shallow soil profiles affected by acid deposition. Due to low pool of exchangeable base cations and low weathering rate continued acid deposition can lead to increased soil acidification and nutrient imbalance in concordance with model calculations.