Fruit structure in Magnoliaceae s.l. and Archaeanthus and their relationshipsстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 23 ноября 2017 г.
Аннотация:Premise of the study: The family Magnoliaceae s.l. is a basal angiosperm family with two subfamilies—Magnolioideae and
Liriodendroideae, which differ by the types and structure of their fruits and seeds. The late Albian genus Archaeanthus shares
many features of its reproductive organs with Magnoliaceae s.l., but its pericarp anatomy was never studied in detail. A broadscale
carpological investigation of Archaeanthus and Magnoliaceae s.l. was undertaken to reveal the nature of the similarities
in fruit structure and to reconstruct Archaeanthus pericarp anatomy. These data are important to determine the early stages of
fruit morphogenesis and thus to clarify relationships of Archaeanthus to the taxa of Magnoliaceae s.l.
• Methods: The pericarp anatomy was studied with light microscopy, SEM, and polarizing microscopy.
• Key results: The dehiscent, polyspermous follicles shed from the receptacle of Archaeanthus share similarities with dehiscent
follicles of Magnoliaceae s.s. and shedding nutlets of Liriodendron . The seeds of Archaeanthus are dorsiventrally fl attened,
ovoid, and encircled with a single circular wing. The pericarps of all the taxa studied are differentiated into exocarp (epidermis),
multilayered mesocarp, and endocarp (fi ber-like sclereids). The mesocarp consists of parenchyma with scattered secretory
cells and sclereid clusters (Magnoliaceae s.s., Archaeanthus ) or composed by sclerenchyma ( Liriodendron ).
• Conclusions: The specializations of dehiscent multifollicles of unknown Cretaceous ancestors for different modes of seed and
fruitlet dispersal formed the basis for the differentiation of two evolutionary lines with their divergence occurring more than
100 million years ago: Magnoliaceae s.s. and the Archaeanthus – Liriodendroidea–Liriodendron line (Liriodendraceae s.l.)
within the order Magnoliales.