One-seeded fruits in the core Caryophyllales: their origin and structural diversity

Sukhorukov, A.P.; Mavrodiev, E.V.; Struwig, M.; Nilova, V.; Dzhlilova, K.K.; Balandin, S.A.; Erst, A.; Krinitsyna, A.A.

Авторы: Sukhorukov A.P., Mavrodiev E.V., Struwig M., Nilova V., Dzhlilova Kh Kh, Balandin S.A., Erst A., Krinitsyna A.A.
Журнал: PLoS ONE
Том: 10
Номер: 2
Год издания: 2015
Издательство: Public Library of Science
Местоположение издательства: United States
Первая страница: 1
Последняя страница: 38
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117974
Аннотация: The core Caryophyllales consist of approximately 30 families (12 000 species) distributed worldwide. Many members evolved one-seeded or conjoined fruits, but their origin and structural diversity have not been investigated. A comparative anatomical investigation of the one-seeded fruits within the core Caryophyllales was conducted. The origin of the oneseeded fruits and the evolutionary reconstructions of some carpological characters were traced using a tree based on rbcl and matK data in order to understand the ancestral characters and their changes. The one-seeded fruit type is inferred to be an ancestral character state in core Caryophyllales, with a subsequent increase in the seed number seen in all major clades. Most representatives of the ‘Earlier Diverging’ clade are distinguished in various carpological traits. The organization of the pericarp is diverse in many groups, although fruits with a dry, many-layered pericarp, consisting of sclerenchyma as outer layers and a thin-walled parenchyma below, with seeds occupying a vertical embryo position, are likely ancestral character states in the core Caryophyllales clade. Several carpological peculiarities in fruit and seed structure were discovered in obligate one-seeded Achatocarpaceae,Chenopodiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Seguieriaceae and Sarcobataceae. The horizontal embryo evolved in only certain groups of Chenopodiaceae. The bar-thickening of endotegmen cells appears to be an additional character typical of core Caryophyllales. The syncarpy-tolysicarpy paradigm in Caryophyllaceae needs to be reinterpreted. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Simmondsiaceae, Rhabdodendraceae, Physenaceae, Asteropeiaceae, Microteaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Achatocarpaceae, Basellaceae, Didiereaceae, Sarcobataceae, Corrigioleae, Corrigiola, Baolia bracteata, Anabasis, Chenopodium, Atriplex, Salicornioideae, Salsoloideae, Suaedoideae, Chenopodium quinoa, Chenopodium, Nitrophila, Polycnemoideae, Polycnemum, Amaranthus, Pleuropterantha, Aervoids, Bosea, Charpentiera, fruit evolution, seed evolution, Caryophyllales
Добавил в систему: Сухоруков Александр Петрович

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One-seeded fruits in the core Caryophyllales: their origin and structural diversityстатья

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