Алтернативни суровинни и енергийни ресурси от дъното на Черно море

Димитров, Д.П.; Генов, И.Д.; Кожухаров, Е.Д.

Авторы: Димитров Димитър П., Генов Иван Д., Кожухаров Емил Д.
Журнал: Трудове на Института по океанология
Том: 4
Год издания: 2003
Первая страница: 42
Последняя страница: 51
Аннотация: The reason for the present unstable status of the Bulgarian economy is based on the lack of regional energy resources. This necessities a search for alternative power resources The Black Sea is a natural geobiotechnological reactor, which is a potential source of energy and other natural resources. The sapropel, diatomic and muds, hydrogen sulfide, gashydrates, carbon sulfide gases, natural gases and fresh water are the most promising easy alternative power resources. The sapropel, diatomic and cocolitic muds are found from 200 to 2200 m depth. They can be used as natural ecological fertilizers for adding nutrients to poor soils; adsorbents for purification of water (radioactive included.); ceramics: sound-, thermo- and hydroinsulation materials; carbon and amorphous silica glasses; cosmetics, pharmaceuticals etc. Hydrogen sulfide in the Black sea is considered not only as major characteristic, but also as a possible energy source. The comparison between the hydrogen sulfide and a high-calorific energy source such as methane shows that during the combustion of one cubic meter of methane 8500 Kcal of heat are liberated, while from the combustion of 1 cubic meter of hydrogen sulfide 5.535 Kcal are liberated. Therefore H2S in suitable concentrations can be used as a major energy source. However the technology of its extraction most probably will be economically unprofitable. The bottom sediments are of great interest, because the concentrations of H2S are reaching 240 g/t. The hydrocarbon gashydrates in the Black Sea sediments are a most promising power resource. Compounds are composed of water molecules and different gas molecules (methane, propane, isobutane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, etc.) called clatrates. They are characterized by a high gas concentration in a volume unity of sediment (1 m3 of porous sediments contains 30 - 36 m3 methane). Projected reserves are estimated to 20-25 trillion m3. Degassing structures can be found everywhere on the Black sea bottom. They are accompanied usually by fresh water springs. Thesecocolitic sources, after precise mapping and creation of a suitable recovery technology can be used as a low long lasting energy source. The above listed alternative resource sources can be a possible way out of the existing energy crises occurring nowadays in Bulgaria. - Key words: Black Sea, sapropel, H2S, hydrocarbon gas-hydrates, degassing structures, alternative resources, energy sources.
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