Аннотация:The Russian Federation (RF) has a very extensive transport network that is one of the largest in the world. The transport safety is among the key priorities of the National Transport Strategy of the RF. Using information of the own database as well as official statistics data, the author analyzed the main causes and triggers of road crashes and railway accidents and traced their temporal variations and spatial distributions within the country. As the leading triggering factor of accidents, ranks the so-called “human factor” including traffic violations by drivers, such as speeding and driving under influence of alcohol and other human errors. A rate of the deterioration of railway tracks and rolling stocks and other technical problems are also increasing during the last decade. In some regions, the poor state of roads and streets remaining among the most severe problems that caused almost 40-50% of road accidents. The transport infrastructure is in urgent need of modernization. Additionally, the paper assessed natural factors contributing to the accident occurrences. The main purpose of the study was to reveal regional differences and to find out areas most at risk of transport accidents.