Foam in porous media: thermodynamic and hydrodynamic peculiaritiesстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 2 февраля 2018 г.
Аннотация:Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of foams in porous media are examined
from a unified point of view. We show that interactions between foam films lamellae. and
wetting films covering the pore walls play an important role in treating experimental data
and constructing a general theory of foam residence and motion through porous media.
Mechanisms of in situ bubble generation, foam patterning, and rheological peculiarities of
foams in pores are discussed in detail. In particular, we clarify the difference between foam
lamellae and liquid lenses, focusing on intermolecular forces in thin foam and wetting films.
A consistent description of conditions of mechanical equilibrium of curved lamellae,
including dynamic effects, is presented for the first time. This microlevel approach enables
us to describe the dependence of the capillary pressure in the Plateau border on the current
state of the pair ‘wetting film]foam lamella’. We review a theory of foam patterning under a
load. Two driving forces are invoked to explain specific interactions between the solid
skeleton and foams. The binding forces caused by bubble compressibility and the pinning
forces due to capillarity determine a specific ordering of lamellae in porous media. The
microscopic bubble train model predicts asymptotic expressions for the start-up-yield pressure
drop. We consider key problems that underlay the understanding of physical mechanisms
of anomalous foam resistance. Different micromechanical models of foam friction are
thoroughly discussed. Bretherton’s 1961. theory of the forced, steady fluid]fluid displacement
is reviewed in application to bubble transport through pore channels. The origins of
disagreement of the theory and experiment are discussed. The Bretherton theory is augmented
based on a new sailboat model, which accounts for thermodynamic coupling of foam
lamellae and wetting films. Special attention is paid to studies of stick-slip motion of
lamellae and bubbles in pores of varying diameter. Finally, we discuss macroscale models
and analyze topical problems of foam behavior in porous media, including reservoirs,
granular, and fibrous materials.