ИСТИНА

Carbon 2D nanostructures such as few layers graphite fragments or flakes as well as MXenes - like structures demonstrate promising application potential and can be extensively used in microelectronics, energy storage devices, sensors, catalysis, sorbents etc. Present talk describes their main thermophysical features and stress the molecular nature of pure 2D carbon structures allowed the surface modification by reaction, typical for organic substances. The comparison of their formation energies calculated from the experimentally measured heats of combustion with similar characteristics for other carbon nanostructures are given. Their dependence on the texture, dimension, oxygen and nitrogen content as stressed. Specifics of their investigation by different physical methods, such as X-Rays photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, HR TEM are provided with examples. It is worth to mention that even for the almost ideal structure of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite XPS show the difference between composition of the surface and bulk material. It is expressed in oxygen-containing surface groups, playing the key role for understanding the properties of carbon-based nanostructures. They provide intermediate or quasi-molecular position between solid state matter and molecule. As nanoparticles they can be characterized by structure, size and shape reflected at their porous characteristics and physical properties. Chemical features are manifested at the molecular level and expressed in surface modification, doping and thermal degradation that mostly determined by surface groups.