ИСТИНА

Recently we have demonstrated that IL-2 can specifically hydrolyze cell wall of some bacteria. In present work we studied influence on IL-2 bacteriolytic activity of some additives which are present in cells. Lysozyme was used a reference bacteriolytic enzyme. Glycine and lysine in a concentrat ions 2 and 16 mM, respectively, increased lysozyme activity more than three-fold. Further increase of the concentration of glycine or lysine lysozyme activity resulted in return to initial values of activity. Glycine and lysine did not change bacteriolytic activity of IL-2. Different behavior of lysozyme and IL2 in the presence of these two additives indicates a different mechanism of action of cell wall lysis. The effect of increasing lysozyme activity by adding glycine has not been described literature so far. Nevertheless, it is known that glycine enhances the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents and also can itself provide a bacteriostatic effect [1]. Probably, these phenomena have a certain connection in terms of the molecular mechanism of action and require further investigation. Both, lysozyme and IL2 activity, increased by arginine at concentrations 10 mM and above. Influence of arginine may consist of a plurality of impacts, both on the enzyme and on cells. One aspect of the impact of arginine may be that it increases the efficacy of lysozyme by preventing aggregation of the protein [2]. Glutamic acid at concentration of 15 mM increased lysozyme and IL2 activity more than two times. With further increasing of glutamic acid concentration activity rises slightly. Perhaps glutamate anion forms a complex with positively charged groups on proteins surface, so it inhibits unproductive sorption of enzymes on bacteria cells [3, 4]. Mildronate increased IL-2 activity almost twice, but does not affect on lysozyme activity. Maximum of IL-2 activity was observed at mildronate concentrations 3 mM. Mildronate molecule structurally similar to some of biologically active substances such as γ-butyrobetaine [5, 6] and it is also possible that some structurally similar to mildronate substance activates the IL-2 in vivo. Both, lysozyme and IL2, are used in medical practice. Lysozyme is used as antimicrobial agent. IL-2 is used as a regulatory cytokine in the treatment of sepsis and cancer. New data on the effect of various additives on lysozyme and IL2 action can be very helpful in understanding of ways to improve the effectiveness of existing drugs and to create new medicines. The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project № 15-14-00012).