The Upper Paleolithic paleolandscapes: A record in the paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the archaeological site Kostenki 17 (Voronezh region, Russia)

Kurbanova, F.G.; Konstantinov, E.A.; Lebedeva, M.P.; Bessudnov, A.A.; Manakova, O.I.; Ponomareva, V.V.; Portnyagin, M.V.; Pochikalov, A.V.; Shukhvostov, R.S.; Alexandrin, M.Y.; Puzanova, T.A.

Авторы: Kurbanova F.G., Konstantinov E.A., Lebedeva M.P., Bessudnov A.A., Manakova O.I., Ponomareva V.V., Portnyagin M.V., Pochikalov A.V., Shukhvostov R.S., Alexandrin M.Yu, Puzanova T.A.
Журнал: Catena
Том: 255
Год издания: 2025
Издательство: CATENA Verlag
Местоположение издательства: Germany
Номер статьи: 109011
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109011
Аннотация: The Kostenki-Borshevo archaeological complex, located on the right bank of the Don Valley, is the largest clusterof Upper Paleolithic sites in Eastern Europe. Despite extensive research, many paleoecological issues related tothese sites remain unresolved, particularly those concerning the history of their surface and pedogenic processes.In this study, we focus on the topography and the colluvial paleosol–sediment sequence at Kostenki 17 (K-17) asone of the most representative sites in terms of landscape record completeness. Our research involved geodeticsurveys, drilling, tephra analysis, and a variety of soil-lithological methods, including grain size analysis, loss on ignition (LOI), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), organic carbon content (TOC), and both macro- and micromorphologicalanalyses.The results of the research made it possible to trace the stages of the recent geological history of the K-17 siteand to reconsider some established ideas about the sedimentation and pedogenic processes that formed thedeposits containing cultural layers. We have shown that the K-17 site is not part of a river terrace, as was oftenpreviously believed, but belongs to a colluvial cover leaning against the base of the bedrock slope of the valley.Convincing evidence was found for the presence of permafrost and solifluction process, which deformed the socalledUpper Humic Bed (UHB, second part of MIS 3), containing cultural layer I. Additionally, we have identifiedthat the formation of the paleosols within the UHB was significantly impacted by humans. The highsaturation of wood and bone charcoal, as well as artefacts, point to an anthropogenic influence on soil formation.For the first time, reliable geochemical evidence has been obtained for the source of volcanic ash at the K-17 site.We made the assumption that the site was chosen for settlement by Paleolithic humans based on its geomorphologicalposition.
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The Upper Paleolithic paleolandscapes: A record in the paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the archaeological site Kostenki 17 (Voronezh region, Russia)статья

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